PEMANFAATAN KOMUNITAS VIRTUAL DALAM KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN
Keywords:
Autis, Komunitas Virtual, Komunikasi Pembangunan; Media Sosial, Whatsapp
Abstract
stigmatisasi orang dengan autis dan keluarga mereka, dan perilaku anak-anak dengan autis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pemanfaatan komunitas virtual untuk komunikasi pembangunan dengan mengamati interaksi orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan autis di media sosial WhatsApp. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi virtual dalam sistem media sosial online. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa komunitas virtual memberi manfaat dalam komunikasi pembangunan dalam hal dukungan informasi pada intervensi dini untuk anak-anak dengan autis. Komunitas virtual adalah tempat untuk berbagi informasi pribadi, berbagi konten informatif, dan tempat untuk berdiskusi. Selain menerima dukungan informasi, anggota juga mendapatkan dukungan emosional yang baik dari anggota lain. Banyaknya informasi yang tersedia dalam komunitas tentang autis terdapat potensi besar untuk menggunakan komunitas media sosial sebagai sumber penambangan data bagi pemerintah sebagai landasan dalam untuk upaya pencegahan dan pengembangan intervensi dini pada anak autis sebagai bentuk dari komunikasi pembangunan khususnya komunikasi kesehatan.
References
[1] M. J. Maenner et al., “Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 Years-Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network", 11 Sites, United States, 2016,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6904a1.htm?s_cid=ss6904a1_w.
[2] KPPPA RI, “Hari Peduli Autisme Sedunia: Kenali Gejalanya, Pahami Keadaannya,” Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia, 2018. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/24/1011/pembangunan-manusia-berbasis-gender-tahun-2012.
[3] M. Achkova and H. Manolova, “Diagnosis Autism - from Kanner and Asperger to DSM-5,” J. Intellect. Disabil. - Diagnosis Treat., 2014, doi: 10.6000/2292-2598.2014.02.02.4.
[4] American Psychiatric Association, “DSM-5 Update,” Diagnostic Stat. Man. Ment. Disord., 2017.
[5] K. Ilias, K. Cornish, A. S. Kummar, M. S. A. Park, and K. J. Golden, “Parenting stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A systematic review,” Frontiers in Psychology. 2018, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280.
[6] Y. E. Riany, M. Cuskelly, and P. Meredith, “Cultural Beliefs about Autism in Indonesia,” Int. J. Disabil. Dev. Educ., 2016, doi: 10.1080/1034912X.2016.1142069.
[7] D. E. Gray, "Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed’: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism,” Sociol. Heal. Illn., 2002, doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.00316.
[8] T. A. Pepperell, J. Paynter, and L. Gilmore, “Social support and coping strategies of parents raising a child with autism spectrum disorder,” Early Child Dev. Care, 2018, doi: 10.1080/03004430.2016.1261338.
[9] M. M. H. Amireh, “Stress Levels and Coping Strategies among Parents of Children with Autism and Down Syndrome : The Effect of Demographic Variables on Levels of Stress,” Child Care Pract., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1080/13575279.2018.1446907.
[10] P. T. M. Gomes, L. H. L. Lima, M. K. G. Bueno, L. A. Araújo, and N. M. Souza, “Autism in Brazil: a systematic review of family challenges and coping strategies,” J. Pediatr. (Versão em Port., 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.01.005.
[11] D. Antunes and A. Dhoest, “Autism and social media: The case of Brazil,” Observatorio, 2018, doi: 10.15847/obsobs12420181298.
[12] L. L. McIntyre and M. Brown, “Examining the utilisation and usefulness of social support for mothers with young children with autism spectrum disorder,” J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil., 2018, doi: 10.3109/13668250.2016.1262534.
[13] E. A. Gage-Bouchard, “Social support, flexible resources, and health care navigation,” Soc. Sci. Med., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.015.
[14] S. A. Moorhead, D. E. Hazlett, L. Harrison, J. K. Carroll, A. Irwin, and C. Hoving, “A new dimension of health care: Systematic review of the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication,” Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013, doi: 10.2196/jmir.1933.
[15] P. Balatsoukas, C. M. Kennedy, I. Buchan, J. Powell, and J. Ainsworth, “The role of social network technologies in online health promotion: A narrative review of theoretical and empirical factors influencing intervention effectiveness,” J. Med. Internet Res., 2015, doi: 10.2196/jmir.3662.
[16] M. Thirumalai and A. Ramaprasad, “Ontological analysis of the research on the use of social media for health behavior change,” in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2015, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.103.
[17] A. Saha and N. Agarwal, “Modeling social support in autism community on social media,” Netw. Model. Anal. Heal. Informatics Bioinforma., 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13721-016-0115-8.
[18] H. J. Oh, C. Lauckner, J. Boehmer, R. Fewins-Bliss, and K. Li, “Facebooking for health: An examination into the solicitation and effects of health-related social support on social networking sites,” Comput. Human Behav., 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.017.
[19] J. D. S. Johnson et al., “Social Media during Emergencies,” J. Mark. Res., 2017.
[20] L. Laranjo et al., “The influence of social networking sites on health behavior change: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2014, doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002841.
[21] J. S. Reinke and C. A. Solheim, “Online Social Support Experiences of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder,” J. Child Fam. Stud., 2015, doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-0039-9.
[22] C. Hine, Virtual Ethnography. London (UK): SAGE Publication Ltd, 2012.
[23] T. Boellstorff, B. Nardi, C. Pearce, and T. L. Taylor, Ethnography and virtual worlds: A handbook of method. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 2012.
[24] R. V. Kozinets, “Netnography,” Int. Encycl. Digit. Commun. Soc., pp. 1–8, 2015, doi: 10.1002/9781118767771.wbiedcs067.
[25] R. Schiavo, Health Communication from Theory to Practice. San Fransisco (US): Jossey-Bass, 2014.
[26] J. Faith, S. Thorburn, and T. H. Sinky, “Exploring healthcare experiences among online interactive weight loss forum users,” Comput. Human Behav., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.048.
[27] L. Cole, Y. Kharwa, N. Khumalo, J. S. Reinke, and S. B. S. Karrim, “Caregivers of School-aged Children with Autism: Social Media as a Source of Support,” J. Child Fam. Stud., 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0855-9.
[28] N. Campbell-McBride, Gut and Psychology Syndrome: Natural Treatment for Autism, Dyspraxia, A.D.D., Dyslexia, A.D.H.D., Depression, Schizophrenia. United Kingdom: Medinform Publishing, 2010.
[29] H. Cekici and N. Sanlier, “Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disorder: A review,” Nutr. Neurosci., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 145–155, 2019, doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1358481.
[2] KPPPA RI, “Hari Peduli Autisme Sedunia: Kenali Gejalanya, Pahami Keadaannya,” Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia, 2018. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/24/1011/pembangunan-manusia-berbasis-gender-tahun-2012.
[3] M. Achkova and H. Manolova, “Diagnosis Autism - from Kanner and Asperger to DSM-5,” J. Intellect. Disabil. - Diagnosis Treat., 2014, doi: 10.6000/2292-2598.2014.02.02.4.
[4] American Psychiatric Association, “DSM-5 Update,” Diagnostic Stat. Man. Ment. Disord., 2017.
[5] K. Ilias, K. Cornish, A. S. Kummar, M. S. A. Park, and K. J. Golden, “Parenting stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A systematic review,” Frontiers in Psychology. 2018, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280.
[6] Y. E. Riany, M. Cuskelly, and P. Meredith, “Cultural Beliefs about Autism in Indonesia,” Int. J. Disabil. Dev. Educ., 2016, doi: 10.1080/1034912X.2016.1142069.
[7] D. E. Gray, "Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed’: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism,” Sociol. Heal. Illn., 2002, doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.00316.
[8] T. A. Pepperell, J. Paynter, and L. Gilmore, “Social support and coping strategies of parents raising a child with autism spectrum disorder,” Early Child Dev. Care, 2018, doi: 10.1080/03004430.2016.1261338.
[9] M. M. H. Amireh, “Stress Levels and Coping Strategies among Parents of Children with Autism and Down Syndrome : The Effect of Demographic Variables on Levels of Stress,” Child Care Pract., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1080/13575279.2018.1446907.
[10] P. T. M. Gomes, L. H. L. Lima, M. K. G. Bueno, L. A. Araújo, and N. M. Souza, “Autism in Brazil: a systematic review of family challenges and coping strategies,” J. Pediatr. (Versão em Port., 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.01.005.
[11] D. Antunes and A. Dhoest, “Autism and social media: The case of Brazil,” Observatorio, 2018, doi: 10.15847/obsobs12420181298.
[12] L. L. McIntyre and M. Brown, “Examining the utilisation and usefulness of social support for mothers with young children with autism spectrum disorder,” J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil., 2018, doi: 10.3109/13668250.2016.1262534.
[13] E. A. Gage-Bouchard, “Social support, flexible resources, and health care navigation,” Soc. Sci. Med., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.015.
[14] S. A. Moorhead, D. E. Hazlett, L. Harrison, J. K. Carroll, A. Irwin, and C. Hoving, “A new dimension of health care: Systematic review of the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication,” Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013, doi: 10.2196/jmir.1933.
[15] P. Balatsoukas, C. M. Kennedy, I. Buchan, J. Powell, and J. Ainsworth, “The role of social network technologies in online health promotion: A narrative review of theoretical and empirical factors influencing intervention effectiveness,” J. Med. Internet Res., 2015, doi: 10.2196/jmir.3662.
[16] M. Thirumalai and A. Ramaprasad, “Ontological analysis of the research on the use of social media for health behavior change,” in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2015, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.103.
[17] A. Saha and N. Agarwal, “Modeling social support in autism community on social media,” Netw. Model. Anal. Heal. Informatics Bioinforma., 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13721-016-0115-8.
[18] H. J. Oh, C. Lauckner, J. Boehmer, R. Fewins-Bliss, and K. Li, “Facebooking for health: An examination into the solicitation and effects of health-related social support on social networking sites,” Comput. Human Behav., 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.017.
[19] J. D. S. Johnson et al., “Social Media during Emergencies,” J. Mark. Res., 2017.
[20] L. Laranjo et al., “The influence of social networking sites on health behavior change: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2014, doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002841.
[21] J. S. Reinke and C. A. Solheim, “Online Social Support Experiences of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder,” J. Child Fam. Stud., 2015, doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-0039-9.
[22] C. Hine, Virtual Ethnography. London (UK): SAGE Publication Ltd, 2012.
[23] T. Boellstorff, B. Nardi, C. Pearce, and T. L. Taylor, Ethnography and virtual worlds: A handbook of method. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 2012.
[24] R. V. Kozinets, “Netnography,” Int. Encycl. Digit. Commun. Soc., pp. 1–8, 2015, doi: 10.1002/9781118767771.wbiedcs067.
[25] R. Schiavo, Health Communication from Theory to Practice. San Fransisco (US): Jossey-Bass, 2014.
[26] J. Faith, S. Thorburn, and T. H. Sinky, “Exploring healthcare experiences among online interactive weight loss forum users,” Comput. Human Behav., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.048.
[27] L. Cole, Y. Kharwa, N. Khumalo, J. S. Reinke, and S. B. S. Karrim, “Caregivers of School-aged Children with Autism: Social Media as a Source of Support,” J. Child Fam. Stud., 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0855-9.
[28] N. Campbell-McBride, Gut and Psychology Syndrome: Natural Treatment for Autism, Dyspraxia, A.D.D., Dyslexia, A.D.H.D., Depression, Schizophrenia. United Kingdom: Medinform Publishing, 2010.
[29] H. Cekici and N. Sanlier, “Current nutritional approaches in managing autism spectrum disorder: A review,” Nutr. Neurosci., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 145–155, 2019, doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1358481.
Published
2022-06-01
How to Cite
Herna, H. (2022). PEMANFAATAN KOMUNITAS VIRTUAL DALAM KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 3(1), 4333-4344. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v3i1.1640
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
